editorial partner: Liberte! Friedrich Naumann Foundation

FOR

ABOUT FOR
FOR (Civil Development Forum) was founded in March 2007 in Warsaw by Professor Leszek Balcerowicz as a non-profit organization. Its aim is to participate in public debate on economic issues, present reliable ideas and promote active behaviour.
Additional Tax on Apartments: from Myth to Very Bad Policy
Economy
Additional Tax on Apartments: from Myth to Very Bad Policy
According to the increasingly popular narrative, apartments purchased for investment purposes are almost synonymous with unoccupied buildings, that is uninhabited properties. The villains are investors, both institutional (apartment funds) and individual (wealthy individuals). They allegedly buy apartments from the market in order to \"speculatively\" refrain from placing them on the market in anticipation of a further increase in real estate prices.
7 Years of Rule of Law Crisis: How CJEU and ECHR Defended Rule of Law in Poland in 2022?
Politics
7 Years of Rule of Law Crisis: How CJEU and ECHR Defended Rule of Law in Poland in 2022?
The past year was full of events related to the ongoing crisis of the rule of law in Poland. The last few months have been dominated mainly with the issue of the \"milestones\" attached to the National Reconstruction Plan and the disagreement within the ruling coalition as to how to achieve them. Among other things, for this purpose the infamous Disciplinary Chamber was abolished and replaced with Chamber of Professional Responsibility.
Identification Guarantees Abiding Law by Law Enforcement Officers
Society
Identification Guarantees Abiding Law by Law Enforcement Officers
In accordance with the ordinance of the Minister of the Interior form 2009 on uniforms, Polish police officers are required to wear an identification patch with the first letter of their first name and their surname or service number on their uniform when on duty. There are exceptions to this rule. One of them, which raises reasonable doubts, are officers operating within riot units.
Are Energy Prices Main Reason for Difference in Inflation between Poland and Other EU Countries?
Economy
Are Energy Prices Main Reason for Difference in Inflation between Poland and Other EU Countries?
Along with the increase of inflation in Poland and in the whole world, the discussion about its causes intensifies. There are many voices that the main reason is an external supply shock - the prices of energy and food. It is useful, in the analysis, to distinguish within CPI inflation, a core inflation and the rest of it. Core inflation is an inflation rate that is devoid of the most unstable components such as food and energy prices.
206 Billion PLN – Real Budget Deficit at the End of 2023
Economy
206 Billion PLN – Real Budget Deficit at the End of 2023
The true budget deficit at the end of 2023 will amount to over 206 billion PLN. The budget debate taking place in Sejm is based on the draft budget, which does not show the full picture of state\'s expenditures and revenues. Pursuant to the Public Finance Act, the management of public funds is open and transparent.
Scary Bill from Polish Government
Economy
Scary Bill from Polish Government
In 2021, public expenditure per capita in Poland for the first time exceeded the amount of PLN 30,000. It accounted for 44.2% of GDP - less than the year before when the pandemic hit, but still much more than in 2019. Since 2015, public spending in Poland has increased in real terms by over 35%.