manipulation

According to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the case of Bosev v. Bulgaria the inclusion of rules for judicial recusal and withdrawals in national legislation reflects the legislator’s care “to eliminate any legitimate doubt as to the impartiality of a judge or court and represents an attempt to ensure impartiality by removing the causes of concern in this area”.

We know that disinformation as a tool of war is conducted in the shadow of war in the sense that it is a continuous, systematic, and diversified process, used not only during wartime but also—perhaps primarily—during \"peacetime.\" In modern armed conflict, disinformation is the strategic use of false or misleading information to influence perceptions of reality, behaviors, and military outcomes.

There is a new hope for internet users: The troops of elves countering the internet trolls have proliferated in yet another country - the regional leader in countering malicious foreign influences: the Czech Republic.

The geopolitics of cyberspace derives from the geopolitics of information and is crying now for a posture of its own, ad par with the old-time geopolitics. This paper tries to sketch some contours, overlappings and missing spots of the geopolitics of cyberspace as seen at the crossroads.