Thirty years later, public policies and political institutions of the former socialist economies do not equally support economic freedom, just as they do not observe the same level of international trade, foreign direct investment, and income.
The geopolitics of cyberspace derives from the geopolitics of information and is crying now for a posture of its own, ad par with the old-time geopolitics. This paper tries to sketch some contours, overlappings and missing spots of the geopolitics of cyberspace as seen at the crossroads.
Internet governance relies on multistakeholderism – a distributed policy making model based on voluntary cooperation of key actors, usually identified as states, business and civil society, operating “in their respective roles” (WSIS 2005) through “rough consensus and running code” .
Despite the banking industry’s excellent level of cybersecurity protections for itself, the UK public, media and Parliament appear unaware of the security weaknesses in the UK’s payments architecture which has encouraged a new push button fraud trend.
The article aims to identify some of the factors impacting the cyberspace, present the approaches on cyberspace in the selected countries, effectuate the preliminary analyses of the selected data, and provide the individual interpretation of the results, correlations, and graphic representations.
This paper aims to examine the hindrances to formulating policies on the use of encrypted communication including the fundamental contradiction between the interests of the government and manufacturers or companies aiming to build the most secure software.
The paper aims to present the potential tools, which the EU could use to deter cyberaggression and later analyze the potential consequences of using them. What is more, the obstacles organization could meet will be presented and finally the evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures and the probability of using them.
The utopian fantasies projected onto the rapidly evolving cyberspace have given way to the realities of the assertion of age-old human instincts, clothed in new technology. New risks, vulnerabilities and threats are manifested in a complex security environment, where cyber-criminals are carving out their ecological niches.
In the highly-digitalized world of the 21st century, the citizens, private sector, and government alike face a growing challenge of securing cyberspace. Cyber threats and attacks pose as one of the latest and ever-growing security issues.
Unsurprisingly, among the countries with the most substantial deteriorations in freedom in recent years are Turkey and Poland, both experiencing evident weakening of the rule of law, contracting religious freedom, and attacks on freedom of expression.
