Currently, Europe is focusing on other issues, particularly environmental protection and the fight against climate change. To this end, a broad investment strategy has been developed, which is detailed in the Green Deal and other related plans. A key component of these strategies is the energy sector, where the European Union has set ambitious targets for transitioning away from coal-fired energy sources and promoting the use of renewable sources.

Millions of people and thousands of businesses in Ukraine remain without electricity every day due to damage to infrastructure damage caused by Russian shelling. For two months in a row, the Russian Federation has been launching rocket attacks on the civilian infrastructure of Ukraine every week. The target of this damage was the network of substations and transformers that provide electricity transmission from generating plants.

Economic time series exhibit periodically recurrent movements at the daily, weekly, and monthly levels. Also known as seasonality, it has been usually treated as a nuisance to be removed prior to analysis. Often, data is already deseasonalised by data providers since it distracts from medium-term time trends and long-term cycles. Moreover, seasonality disappears when data are aggregated to a yearly basis – it is a phenomenon at work at shorter time frames. It is an…